Ahmad Shah Qajar (1898–1930) was the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty in Persia (modern-day Iran), reigning from 1909 to 1925. Ascending the throne at the age of 11 after the abdication of his father, Mohammad Ali Shah, Ahmad Shah’s reign marked a period of political turmoil and foreign intervention in Iran. His early years as king were under the regency of his uncle due to his young age, but even after coming of age, Ahmad Shah struggled to assert authority over the fragmented political landscape.

During his rule, Iran faced significant challenges, including economic instability, tribal uprisings, and increasing interference from Britain and Russia, particularly during World War I. Ahmad Shah’s inability to effectively govern or resist foreign influence led to widespread dissatisfaction. His lack of strong leadership allowed figures like Reza Khan (later Reza Shah Pahlavi) to rise in power.

In 1925, Ahmad Shah was formally deposed by the Iranian parliament, marking the end of the Qajar dynasty and the beginning of the Pahlavi era. Ahmad Shah spent the rest of his life in exile in Europe, where he passed away in 1930. His reign is often remembered as a time of decline for the Qajar dynasty and the transition to modern Iran.